Pass-the-Certificate is a sophisticated Kerberos privilege escalation method that exploits X.509 certificates and PKINIT extension to bypass traditional password-based authentication. It poses a significant threat to organizations by enabling long-lived, stealthy access and full domain compromise. #PassTheCertificate #Kerberos #ActiveDirectory #PKINIT #RBCD
Keypoints
- Pass-the-Certificate leverages X.509 certificates to authenticate without passwords, exploiting Kerberos vulnerabilities.
- It allows attackers to gain persistent, stealthy access and escalate privileges within Active Directory environments.
- Prerequisites include a Windows Server 2019 AD setup supporting PKINIT and a set of specialized tools like Certipy and impacket.
- The technique involves extracting certificates, creating LDAP shells, modifying user accounts, and configuring RBCD for lateral movement.
- Mitigation strategies focus on monitoring certificate usage, detecting delegation changes, and restricting certificate issuance to trusted roles.
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